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Jeffrey Hills & Associates Pty Ltd

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS - MASTER BUILDERS - PEST CONSULTANTS



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 Queensland Master Builders Association

The Institution of Engineers Australia

JHA No. 7 Pty Ltd 
t/a Jeffrey Hills & Associates Pty Ltd

ABN: 77 151 822 445

BSA: 120 91 30

FREECALL 1800 35 15 35

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To help with your enquiry we would like to provide the following information. The detail to which the perspective purchaser may want to investigate varies. To help facilitate the inspection process we provide the following options.

The following inspections are options that are in addition to the standard building and pest inspection. (The standard building and pest inspections are undertaken in accordance with the general terms and conditions of the Australian Standard AS 4349. Pre Purchase Inspections and Timber Pest Inspections. A copy of these standard are available in our office for review at no cost.

The following inspections are exclusions from the standard building and pest inspection however as required may be added to the inspection process. Please contact our office for advice on costings. 

        1.       Swimming Pool Fencing and Compliance.

        2.       Structural and Leak Testing of Swimming Pools. Pool pressure and return lines are tested and dye test is undertaken by a diver
          to check for leaks in the pool.

        3.       Air Conditioning

        4.       Septic Tank or Treatment Plants. These are specialised areas which are beyond the expertise of the inspection. We can arrange
          for a specialist to investigate and report on the condition of the water treatment aspects of the site.

        5.       Full Electrical (the standard inspection will note the presence or omission of an earth circuit leakage breaker). This inspection
          can include checking for compliance with wiring rules, checking for capacity, circuit testing including as required the checking of
          foil insulation for electrical faults.

        6.       Full Plumbing (the standard inspection will note the presence of obvious water leaks if they are visible at the time of the
          inspection.)

        7.       Survey and Dwelling Location. This will ensure that the dwelling is located within the boundaries of the site as required by
          Council bylaws and that the fences are in the correct location.

        8.       Building Compliance. A building extract can be obtained from the local authority and the compliance of building construction with
          the requirements of the Council can then be determined. Please note this can take up to 14 days to obtain the required
          information.

        9.       Maintenance Report. These reports investigate and detail the function of built elements on site and provides a schedule of
          maintenance to minimise the long term cost of maintenance on the site.

The standard pre purchase building inspection considers the construction of the building and advises on the readily visible major defects in the construction only. It does not provide a maintenance report. Please review the following document which provides the scope terms and conditions of the inspection which you will be asked to acknowledge as part of the inspection process. In addition to the base inspection you may choose to add items from the options list (at an additional cost). Please do not hesitate to contact our staff for advice on tailoring an inspection to suit your needs.

This is our standard agreement form for a Structural and Pest Inspection detailing the scope and limitations of the proposed Inspection.


JEFFREY HILLS & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD
PROFESSIONAL BUILDING & PEST CONSULTANTS

Ph: 1800351535 Fax: 1300139068

CLIENT NAME: DATE:
PREMISES TO BE INSPECTED:

SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED            STRUCTURAL INSPECTION      PEST INSPECTION     TIME:                    

1. JEFFREY HILLS & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD will inspect the property and provide a STRUCTURAL property report.  This report will detail
    areas of the property where readily visible structuraldefects will benoted.

2. This report is not a maintenance report. All properties require regular maintenance.  Where obvious maintenance issues are noted,
    these have been included in the report as a courtesy comment only.

3. This report is limited to those parts of the property above ground level and reasonably accessible to the inspector without the
     removal of wall linings, ceilings, roofing materials, furniture, floor coverings or other chattels.  This information comprises site notes
     only, a typed report will be sent to you.

JEFFREY HILLS & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD will visually inspect the premises to ascertain whether there is evidence of any structural defects, timber pest infestation or damage (or both). Furnishings and stored goods will not be moved. The inspection will be of a non-destructive and non-intrusive nature. A comprehensive invasive inspection will not be provided unless JEFFREY HILLS &ASSOCIATES PTY LTD enters into a separate written contract to do so. The inspection and report will not extend to any part of the relevant property which is physically inaccessible or to which access is denied.

JEFFREY HILLS & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD will provide a report to the client (for use and reliance by the client only, and not anyone else). The report will detail the areas inspected and the areas which were inaccessible for inspection.  The report will indicate whether or not:

There are any visible structural defects at the time of the inspection;
There was visible borer damage at the time of the inspection :
There was visible fungi decay at the time of inspection;
Therewas visible live termite activity at the time of inspection;
There was visible termite damage at the time of inspection ;
There was visible evidence of an existing termite treatment;
Treatment is recommended for visible timber infestation or damage;


4. Latent defects that may become apparent in weather condit ions that differ from those existinq at the time of the inspect ion will not
    be disclosed in this report.

5.This inspection service will only check a representative number of items such as lights, power outlets, switches, taps, windows, door
   appliances and such like.  It is not possible to individually inspect all visible frameworks, tie-downs, stumps, bearers, joists, floor
   timbers or other materials or techniques used in construction.  If a more detailed inspection is required please advise in writing as
   additional charges apply.

6.To the maximum extent permitted by law, all conditions and warranties imposed by statute are excluded, and no warranties are given
   with respect to the services other than those that are imposed by statute.

7. In the event of any controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to, the rendering of the services and the report to be provided, it
    must be settled by arbitration, in accordance with the rules of The Institute of Arbitrators Australia, for the Conduct  of Commercial
    Arbitrations.  Any judgmentfrom such arbitration will befinal and binding on the parties.

The client requests JEFFREY HILLS &ASSOCIATES PTY LTD to provide the services specified above, subject to the terms of this contract (including the limitations on the scope of the services set out on the following pages) . The client acknowledqes that:


·Signature:                                                               Full name of signatory:                                                   Date:                      

(PLEASE SIGN THIS FORM AND RETURN TO OUR OFFICE TO ACTIVATE INSURANCE.)


* If signatory Is signing on behalf of a company or partnership or another person,
signatory warrants his/her authority to bind the person(s) on whose behalf signatory Is signing.


* Except to the extent to which the client has advised JEFFREY HILLS &ASSOCIATES PTY LTD in writing before entering into this contract, there are no facts or circumstances which the client has communicated to JEFFREY HILLS &ASSOCIATES PTY LTD which would entitle the client to consequential damages or loss arising out of any breach of JEFFREY HILLS & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD's obliqations in renderinq the services.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Any person who relies upon the contents of this report does so acknowledging that the following clauses, which define the Scope and Limitations of the inspection, form an integral part of the report.

"Inaccessible Area" means an area to which the Inspector cannot have easy access including, but not limited to areas which are obstructed, concealed o rhidden.  For example, roof voids and subfloor voids without purpose built entry points and minimum crawl space less than 600mm (roof voids) & 400mm (sub floor timber, bearer, joist or other obstruction) or requiring a ladder more than 3.6m or step ladder more than 2.1m.

"Inspection Date" means the dale the pest inspection was conducted resulting in the provision of the Pest and/or Structural Inspection Report.

"Inspector" is the person who is engaged to inspect the property for the purpose of providing the Pest and/or Structural Inspection Report.

"Timber Infestation" means infestation, damage or decay caused by borers (which includes powder post beetles, Queensland pine beetles and furniture beetles), timber fungi decay and subterranean termites (white ants) excluding dry wood termites (Kalotermitidae). It does not include any other pest infestation or damage by any other pests other than the pests included in this definition and it excludes infestation or damaae caused by dry wood termites (Kalotermitidae).

"Visible Timber Infestation" means Timber Infestation that can actually be seen by the Inspector.

"We" means the person or entity who contracted to provide the inspection report .

"GOOD" -Item requires maintenance and/or minor repair, FAIR Item requires minor to major repairs. POOR Item requires major repair or reconstruction.

This Inspection Report is limited to evidence of Visible Timber Infestation on the Inspection Date. This means that this Inspection Report is provided on the basis of a visual inspection of the property only. and is of a nondestructive and non-intrusive nature.

THIS IS A VISUAL INSPECTION ONLY limited to those areas and sections of the property fully accessible and visible to the inspector on the date of inspection.  Inspection has been made in the areas where infestation is most likely to occur.  The inspection DID NOT include breaking apart, dismantling, removing or moving objects including, but not limited to, foliage, mouldings, roof insulation/sisalation, floor or wall coverings, sidings, ceilings, floors , furnishings, appliances or personal possessions.  The inspector CANNOT see inside walls, between floors, inside skillion roofing , behind stored goods in cupboards, other areas that are concealed or obstructed.  The inspector DID NOT dig, gouge, force or perform any other invasive procedures. Visible timbers CANNOT be destructively probed or hit without the written permission of the property owner.  In an occupied property it must be understood that furnishings or household items may be concealing evidence of Timber Pests which may only be revealed when the items are removed.

 The Inspector has not
•Moved or removed any furnish ings, equipment, appliances, pictures or other household goods:
•Moved or removed any plants, bushes, debris, rubbish or foliage of any kind:
•Moved or removed wall coverings, floor coverings including carpeting and wooden floorboards, ceilings. roof insulation or other insulation.

1.SCOPE OF PEST REPORT This report is confined to reporting on the discovery, or non discovery, of infestation and/or damage caused by subterranean termites (white ants), borers of dry seasoned timber and wood decay fungi (hereinafter referred to as "Timber Pests"), present on the date of the inspection. The inspection did not cover any other pests and this reportdoesnotcommentonthem. Drywood termites (Family:KALOTERMITIDAE) were excluded from thei nspection, but have been reported on if, in the course of the inspection, any visual evidence of infestation happened to be found .

2. LIMITATIONS Nothing contained in the report implies that any inaccessible, partly inaccessible areas or woodwork or other parts of the structure which are covered, unexposed or inaccessible have been inspected by the inspector on the date of the inspection. We have not inspected woodwork on other parts of the structure which are covered, unexposed or inaccessible and we are therefore unable to report that any such part of the structure is free from defect.  Accordingly this report is not a guarantee that an infestation and/or damage ordefects do not exist in any inaccessible, partly inaccessible.  Covered or unexposed areas or sections of the property.  Nor is it a guarantee that a future infestation of Timber Pests or defects will not occur or be found.

Surveys and/or inspection shall be made only by a qualified building inspector or a person with no less than five (5) years experience in a related industry.

3.DETERMINING EXTENT OF DAMAGE This report does not and cannot state the extent of damage.  If any timber pest activity or damage is reported on the property, then it must beassumed there is some internal or hidden damage.  Aqualified person such as a builder, engineer, architect or other qualified expert in the bulidlnq trade should be asked to determine the full extent of the damage and the extent of repairs required following written permission for an invasive inspection from the owner.  The purchaser is to indemnify the inspectors against any repair costs that may be incurred during an invasive inspection.

4. The building inspector has been appointed solely to conduct a visual inspection of the property on the day and to provide an
    evaluation in respect thereof, in relation to the matters contained in the Report within.

5. No inducements, representations, warranties or guarantees have been made by the inspector or his representatives to the client in
    respect of the services provided .

6.The building inspector hereby represents and warrants to the client that he shall use his best endeavors to accurately report on the
    items listed in the Building Inspection Report within, but cannot be held responsible for any latent defects affecting the property
    which may arise in time, defects which may arise due to neglect or misuse of the property, or defects arising from normal wear and
    tear or a change in weather conditions.

7. The building inspector in no event shall be liable to the client or any other persons for any loss, injury or damages arising from the
    contents of this Inspection Report.

8. Where movement has occurred and the statement is made that "further gross movement is not expected", there is still the chance
   that gross movement will occur.  The statement is not a guarantee of no further movement but an opinion based on our experience
    of the readily visible factors which affect the structure.

9.Inadequate site drainage can affect the structure.  As most inspections are carried out in fine weather, the full scope of site drainage
   cannot be assessed i.e. blocked drains etc.  Care should be taken to ensure that all pipes remain free and clear and that the ground
   slopes away from the building.  This is to minimize the chance of foundation and flooding problems due to inundation of storm water.

10.This report does not comment on compliance with local authority approvals given for the property stated on the report.  If this
     information is required, the purchaser should obtain relevant documentation from the local authority.  The comments of this
     company in relation to the local authority documentation can be obtained by contacting our office.

11.This report does not comment on the site of the building in relation to property boundaries.  A surveyor should be engaged if the
     purchaser requires verification that the building set-backs and position is in accordance with local authority regulations.

12.This report does not comment on the condition and functionality of electrical and plumbing services including pool pumps.  If the
     purchaser requires testing or inspection of either, suitably qualified persons should be independently engaged.

13.This report in not a maintenance report.  All properties require regular maintenance.  Where obvious maintenance issues are noted,
     these have been included in the report as a courtesy comment only.  The basis of this report is a structural report commenting on
     the overall structural stability of the dwelling.

14.Asbestos Report. This report makes no comment as to whether the property contains asbestos material or asbestos product. If
     required. a full asbestos report from a qualified person is recommended.

15.The Inspection Report is limited to an inspection of the property by the Inspector and a report on the results of the inspection. No
     remedial work of any kind will be undertaken.

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: No liability shall be accepted on account of failure within the Report to notify any damage present at or prior to the date of the Report In any area(s) or section(s) of the subject property physically inaccessible for inspection or to which access for Inspection is denied by or to the Inspector or concealed from the inspector (including but not limited to any area(s) or sectlon(s) so specified by the within Report).  We are not liable for a failure to notify you of Timber Pest Infestation or any other infestation in Inaccessible Areas.

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY TO THIRD PARTIES: This Report is made solely for the use and benefit of the Client named on the front of this report and no liability or responsibility whatsoever Is accepted to any third party who may rely on the Report wholly or in part.  Any third party acting or relying on this Report whether in whole or in part does so at his or her own risk.


This Inspection Report is subject to the Trade Practices Act (Cwth) 1984 and the FairTrading Acts in each state. These terms and conditions do not purport to exclude, restrict or modify any of the provisions of the above Acts that may not be excluded, restricted or modified.  Liability is limited to re-supply of the services, which hav ebeen provided under this Inspection Report.  This Inspection Report has been produced for the use of the client listed on the first page of the Inspection Report.  We are not liable for any reliance placed on this Inspection Report by any third party.  Any dispute or difference in connection with this Inspection Report will be submitted to arbitration administered in accordance with the rules of the Institute of Arbitrators Australia.

3. LIMITATIONS: Nothing contained in the Report implies that any concealed inaccessible or partly inaccessible areas or sections of the property being inspected by the Inspector on the date of the Inspection were not, or have not been, infested by Timber Pests. Accordingly this Report is not a guarantee that an infestation and/or damage does not exist in any concealed inaccessible or partly inaccessible areas or sections of the property.  Nor is it a guarantee that a future infestation of Timber Pests will not occur or be found.

If visual evidence oftermite workings and/or damage is referred to in this report, you should be aware that it is possible that termites are still active in the immediate vicinity and the termites may return to cause further damage.  It is not possible, without the benefit of subsequent inspections and evaluations over a period of time, to ascertain whether an Infestation is activeor inactive. Further, regular, inspections are essential.

Unless written evidence of a termite protection program in accordance with "Australian Standard AS 3660 Protection of buildings from subterranean termites prevention, detection and treatment of infestation" is provided by the owner, a treatment should ALWAYS be undertaken to protect against white ant attack .

4. DETERMINING EXTENT OF DAMAGE: The Report is NOT a structural damage Report.  We claim no expertise in building and any inexpert opinion we give on timber damage CANNOT be relied upon.  The Report will not state the full extent of any timber pest damage.  The Report will state timber damage found as 'slight', 'moderate', 'moderate to extensive'.  This information is not the opinion of an expert.  Ifa ny evidence of Timber Pest activity and/or damage resulting from Timber Pest activity is reported either in the structure(s) or the grounds of the property, then You must assume that there may be concealed structural damage within the building(s). This concealed damage may only be found when wall linings, cladding or insulation are removed to reveal previously concealed timbers. A destructive invasive Timber Pest Inspection ( for which a separate contract is required) is strongly recommended and You should arrange for a qualified person such as a Builder, Engineer, or Architect to carry out a structural inspection and to determine the full extent of the damage and the extent of repairs that may be required.  You agree that neither We nor the individual conducting the Inspection is responsible or liable for the repair of any damage whether disclosed by the report or not.

5. MOULD: Mildew and non wood decay fungi is commonly known as mould and is not considered a Timber Pest. However, mould and their spores may cause health problems or allergic reactions such as asthma and dermatitis in some people.  No inspection for mould was carried out at the property and no report on the presence or absence of mould is provided.  Should any evidence of mould happen to be noticed during the inspection, it will be noted in the Other Information (5.11) section of this report.  If mould is noted as present within the property and you are concerned as to the possible health risk resulting from its presence then you should seek advice from you local Council. Sate or Commonwealth Government Health Department or a qualified expert such as a Industry Hygienist.

6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: No liability shall be accepted on account of failure of the Report to notify any termite activity and/or damage present at or prior to the date of the Report in any area(s) or section(s) of the subject property physically inaccessible for inspection, or to which access for Inspection is denied by or the licensed Inspector (including but not limited to any area(s) or section(s) so specified by the Report).

7. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY TO THIRD PARTIES: This Report is made solely for the use and benefit of the Client named on the front of this report.  No liability or responsibility whatsoever, in contract or tort, is accepted to any third party who may rely on the Report wholly or in part.  Any third party acting or relying on this report. in whole or in part, does so at theirown risk.

8. COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE: In the event of any dispute or claim arising out of, or relating to the Inspection or the Report, or any alleged negligent act or omission on Our part or on the part of the individual conducting the Inspection, either party may give written Notice of the dispute or claim to the other party. If the dispute is not resolved within twenty one (21) days from the service of the written Notice then either party may refer the dispute or claim to a mediator nominated by Us.  The cost shall be met equally by both parties or as agreed as part of the mediated settlement.  Should the dispute or claim not be resolved by mediation then one or other of the parties may refer the dispute or claim to the Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators of Australia who will appoint an Arbitrator who will resolve the dispute by arbitration.  The Arbitrator will also determine what costs each ofthe parties are to pay.

REASONABLE ACCESS
Only areas to which reasonable access is available were inspected. The Australian Standard 4349.3 defines reasonable access as "areas where safe, unobstructed access is provided and the minimum clearances specified in the Table below are available or, where these clearances are not available, areas within the consultant's unobstructed line of sight and within arm's length. Reasonable access does not include removing screws and bolts to access covers.  Reasonable access does not include the use of destructive or invasive inspection methods.  Nor does reasonable access include cutting or making access traps, or moving heavy furniture or stored goods.

AreaAccess Access hole Crawl space Height
Roof interior 450 x 400mm 600 x 600mm Accessible from 2.1m step ladder or 3.6 ladder placed agaist a wall.
Subfloor 500 x 400mm Vertical clearance
Timber floor 400mm to bearer, joist of other obstruction.  Concrete floor: 500mm.
Roof Exterior Accessible from a 3.6mm ladder.

A MORE INVASIVE PHYSICAL INSPECTION IS AVAILABLE AND RECOMMENDED

As detailed above , there are many limitations to this visual inspection only. With the permission of the owner of the premises we WILL perform a more invasive physical inspection that involves moving or lifting: insulation, stored items, furniture or foliage during the inspection.  We WILL physically touch, tap, test and when necessary forcel gouge suspected accessible timbers.  We WILL gain access to areas, where physically possible and considered practical and necessary, by way of cutting traps and access holes. This style of report is available by ordering with several days notice.   Inspection time for this style of report will be greater than for a VISUAL INSPECTION.  It involves disruption in the case of an occupied property, and some permanent marking is likely.  You must arrange for the written permission of the owner who must acknowledge all the above information and confirm that our firm will not be held liable for any damage caused to the property.Aprice is available on request.

CONCRETE SLAB HOMES

Homes constructed on concrete slabs pose special problems with respect to termite attack. If the edge of the slab is concealed by concrete paths, patios, pavers, garden beds, lawns, foliage, etc then it is possible for termites to affect concealed entry into the property. They can then cause extensive damage to concealed framing timbers.  Even the most experienced inspector may be unable to detect their presence due to concealment by wall linings.  Only when the termites attack timbers in the roof void, which may in turn be concealed by insulation, can their presence be detected. Where termite damage is located in the roof it should be expected that concealed framing timbers will be extensively damaged. With a concrete slab home it is imperative that you expose the edge of the slab and ensure that foliage and garden beds do not cover the slabedge.  Weep holes must be kept free of obstructions.  It is strongly recommended that you have a termite inspection in accordance with AS 3660 .2 carried out every 6 to 12 months.

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES

No property is safe from termites!  Termites are the cause of the greatest economic losses of timber in service in Australia. Independent data compiled by State Forestry shows 1 in every 5 homes in attacked by termites at some stage in its life. More recent data would indicate that this in now as high as 1 in every 3.  Australia's subterranean termite species (white ant) are the most destructive timber pests in the world.  In fact it can take "as little as 3 months for a termite colony to severelydamage almost all the timber in a home".

How Termites Attack your Home. The most destructive species live in large underground nests containing several million timber destroying insects.  The problem arises when a nest matures near your home.Your home provides natural shelter and food source for the termites.  The gallery system of a single colony may exploit food sources over as much as one hectare, with individual galleries extending up to 50 meters to enter your home, where there is a smorgasbord of timber to feast upon.  Even concrete slabs do not act as a barrier; they can penetrate through cracks in the slab to gain access to your home. They even build mud tubes to gain access to above ground timbers.  In rare cases termites may create their nest in the cavity wall of the property without making ground contact.  In these cases it may be impossible to determine their presence until extensive timber damage occurs.

Termite Damage Once in contact with the timber they excavate it, often leaving only a thin veneer on the outside . If left undiscovered the species can cause many thousands of dollars damage and cost two to five thousand dollars (or more) to treat.  

Subterranean Termite Ecology.  These termites are social insects usually living in underground nests.  Nests may be in trees or in rare instances they may be in above ground areas within the property.  They tunnel underground to enter the building and then remain hidden within the timber making it very difficult to locate their presence.  Especially if gardens have been built up around the home and termite barriers are either not in place or poorly maintained.  Termites form nests in all sorts of locations and they are usually not visible.  There may be more than one nest on a property.  The diet of termites in the natural environment is the various hardwood and softwood species growing throughout Australia.  These same timbers are used in buildings.

Worker termites move out from their underground nest into surrounding areas where they obtain food and return to nurture the other casts of termites within the nest.  Termites are extremely sensitive to temperature, humidity and light and hence cannot move over ground like most insects.  They travel in mud encrusted tunnels to the source of food.  Detection of term ites is usually by locating these mud tunnels rising from the ground into the affected structure.  This takes an expert eye.

Termite barriers protect a building by forcing termites to show themselves.  Termitescanbuild mudtunnelsaroundtermite barriers to reach the timber above.  The presence of termite tracks or leads does not necessarily mean that termites have entered the timber though.  A clear view of walls and piers and easy access to the sub-floor means that detection should be fairly easy.  However many styles of construction do not lend themselves to ready detection of termites.  The design of some properties is such that they make the detection by a pest inspect or difficult, if not impossible.

The tapping and probing of walls and internal timbers is an adjunct or additional means of detection of termites but is not as reliable as locating tracks.  The use of a moisture meter is a useful aid for determining the presence of termites concealed behind thin wall panels, but it only detects high levels of activity. Older damage that has dried out will not be recorded.  It may also provide false readings. Termite tracks may be present in the ceiling space however some roofs of a low pitch and with the presence of sisalation, insulation, air conditioning ductwork and hot water services may prevent a full inspection of the timbers in these areas.  Therefore since foolproof and absolute certain detection is not possible the use of protective barriers and regular inspections is a necessary step in protecting timbers from termite attack.

BORERS OF SEASONED TIMBERS

Borers are the larvae of various species of beetles.  The adult beetles lay their eggs within the timber.  The eggs hatch out into larvae (grubs) which bore through the timber and can cause significant structural damage.  The larvae may reside totally concealed within the timber for a period of several years before passing into a dormant pupal stage.  Within the pupal case they metamorphose (change) into the adult beetle which cuts a hole in the outer surface of the timber to emerge, mate and lay further eggs to continue the cycle.  It isonly through the presence of these emergence holes, and the frass formed when the beetles cut the exit holes that their presence can be detected.  Where floors are covered by carpets, tiling, or other floor coverings and where no access to the underfloor area is available it is not possible to determine whether borers are present or not.  This is particularly the case with the upper floors of a dwelling.

Borers of 'green' unseasoned timber may also be present. However these species will naturally die out as the timbers dry out in service. Whilst some emergence holes may occur in a new property it would be unusual for such a borer to cause structural damage, though the exit holes may be unsightly.

Anobium borer (furniture beetle) and Queensland pine borer.  These beetles are responsible for instances of flooring collapse, often triggered by a heavy object being placed on the floor (or a person stepping on the affected area!)  Pine timbers are favoured by this beetle and, while the sapwood is preferred. the heartwood is also sometimes attacked.  Attack by this beetle is usually observed in timbers that have been in service for 10-20 years or more and mostly involves flooring and timber wall paneling.  The frass from the flight holes (faeces and chewed wood) is fine and gritty.  Wood attacked by these borers is often honeycombed.

Lyctus borer (powder post beetle).  These beetles only attack the sapwood of certain susceptible species of hardwood timber.  Since it is a requirement that structural timbers contain no more than 25% Lyctus susceptible sapwood these borers are not normally associated with structural damage.  Replacement of affected timbers is not recommended and treatment is not approved.  Where decorative timbers are affected the emergence holes may be considered unsightly in which case timber replacement is the only option. Powder post beetles mostly attack during the first 6-12 months of service life of timber.  As only the sapwood is destroyed, larger dimensional timbers (such as rafters, bearers and joists) in a house are seldom weakened significantly to cause collapse.  In small dimensional timbers (such as tiling and ceiling battens) the sapwood may be extensive, and its destruction may result in collapse. Replacement of these timbers is the only option available.

TIMBER DECAY FUNGI

The fruiting bodies of wood decay fungi vary in size. shape and colour.  The type of fungi encountered by pest controllers usually reside in poorly vent ilated subfloors, below wet areas of the home, exterior timbers and in areas that retain water in the soil.  The durability and type of timbers are factors along with the temperature and environment.  Destruction of affected timbers varies with the symptoms involved.  Removal of the moisture source usually alleviates the problem.  Fungal decay is attractive to termites and if the problem is not rectified it may well lead to futu re termite attack.

CONTACT THE INSPECTOR

Please feel free to contact the inspector who carried out this inspection.  Often it is very difficult to fully explain situations, problems, access difficulties or Timber Pest activity and/or damage in a manner that is readily understandable by the reader.  Should you have any difficulty in understanding anything contained within this report then you should immediately contact the inspector and have the matter explained to you.  If you have any questions at all or require any clarification then contact the inspector prior to acting on this report.


FAX: 1300 13 90 68   EMAIL: info@jha.com.au

 

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